Family Function

The definition of family is defined in various ways to many different people. Many people may say their family includes the family of orientation, extended family, and family of procreation. It all depends on how the child is raised. Three important factors, out of six, that I consider to be the main functions of family are socialization, economic cooperation, and care, protection, and intimacy. Some families may very well address these functions, while others may not. And because of that, family may be quite hard to define because it goes above and beyond the surface.According to Swartz and Scott (2009), family is defined as a group of people related to each other by blood, marriage, adoption or being sexually open in a relationship. The definition also extends to couples who are committed to each other and are capable of providing internal and external factors ranging from emotional to economic support. Because of my culture, how I was raised, and where I grew up, I define family i n a complicated matter. The definition of family, according to me, is the family of orientation.It does not include my aunts, uncles, or cousins, even though we are somewhat related by blood. However, I do consider them as a part of my extended family. The family of orientation includes my parents and three younger siblings. I consider this to be family because this is where I was born into, rose, and grew up with. Of course, the definition of family will change over time for me because I am not yet married. To my belief, I will have a change in families after I get married to my husband with kids, which is also known as the family of procreation.This is when my new journey and definition of family begins. I do not believe a family is complete without children or pets, or anything or anyone that my husband and I, as a couple, could look forward to and love to keep the relationship lasting. To be considered as my family, the person does not have to be blood related. What matters is t he fair amount of love and care that is provided. The emotional support is what I lean more towards when it comes to family. I believe there is a way to everything when it comes to economic factors, such as dealing with our finance, having shelter, clothing, and food.Emotional support is needed when hard times come, and if the person or people are willing to go through with the bad, they are definitely considered family. Nobody would want to live through the hardship, so that is why I value love and care most in a family. No matter what I go through, I know that person or people will still be there. There are three families of functions that I can relate to. They are socialization, economic cooperation, and care, protection, and intimacy.Socialization is defined as a lifetime process â€Å"of social interaction through which people learn those elements of culture that are essential for effective participate in social life† (Swartz & Scott, 2009, p. 6). Socializing is a wa y of learning what society expects such as norms and values and develops the behavior of how one thinks, feels, and acts (Swartz & Scott, 2009). Children socialize to be able to better communicate through their own language, culture, and the mass media such as the television and radio.Ever since I was young, from infancy to child age, my parents communicated with me in our language, Vietnamese. We practiced our traditions and cultures through foods and celebrating holidays. I have learned what the Vietnamese community expects when it comes to holidays, elders, and food. Once I was enrolled into pre-school, I started to learn English, which counts as another form of socializing. Communicating was hard for me because I did not speak a word of it. However, my parents started to teach me what they could in the language.They taught me basics such as singing the alphabet, counting, and naming certain animals. Simple terms like stating my name, learning my address, and asking to use th e restroom were a start to a new way of socializing and a start of a new culture. Enrolling into school helped me shape the way to act, think, and feel. I was on my best behavior. And there was no such thing as always being happy like I was when I am at home with my parents. I learned what it was like to be picked on, be mad, angry, happy, and develop friendships.I think my family addressed this function well, because I have matured to be able to communicate and socialize with all those around me, which includes how to act and feel. Economic cooperation involves a family’s responsibility to provide for everyone’s physical and economic well being (Swartz & Scott, 2009). In history, families work in the field, as agriculturists and farmers to provide food. They also sold products that were farmed to provide money, shelter, and clothes. However, it is different nowadays.Now, both or either men and or women go to work to receive an income to help provide for their fami lies. When I was younger, my mom stayed home and worked at home and earned little income, while my dad worked at a factory and earned most of the income. But as our family grew, and the children got older, there were certain necessities needed such as bigger clothes, shoes, more food, and a bigger home. Therefore, my mom had to find a different job with a higher pay. Both of my parents did work and still work to provide most of the income for our family.When I got older and turned the legal age to work full time, I helped provide my parents the income in the family to help pay for small bills such as electricity, phone, and gas. I also helped pay for my two years of tuition at a small community college with my parents’ help. Not only did they provide for me through my college years, but also for my other younger siblings. My younger siblings are now twenty, eighteen, and seventeen. I believe my parents have successfully played a role in the family function, economic cooperati on. My and my siblings’ ages are very close to each other, which produces a lot of issues.At a certain point in time, all of us were teens, where our needs need to be met. An example of what I am talking about would be providing cars, car insurance, and overall health insurance. The third family function is care, protection, and intimacy. Everyone in a family needs emotional support, and care provided since infancy to adulthood. For many people, families are where we turn to when we are in trouble, to find comfort and emotional support throughout our lives (Swartz & Scott, 2009). In my family, emotional support is rarely provided.My parents provide emotional support for each other and the kids bond to provide emotional support for each other. Some of us seek emotional support from our close girlfriends and guy friends. My parents show a different kind of care when it comes to emotions. Not much emotion is shown from my father, but more from my mother. My dad would never o ver react to certain situations, while my mom would. High school was a great challenge for me. It was the place where I learned the most, academically and socially wise. I needed the most emotional support and felt the need to feel the emotional support and care.It was hard to maintain and stabilize my emotions in high school and was constantly down. I could not seek emotional support from many people in my life since they had their own problems. I always felt high school counselors were not a big help. They always told me, â€Å"it’s okay,† and ended up telling my parents. However, I was never depressed. Most of my care and emotional support came from the peers on my high school tennis team and the sport itself. Exercising and playing the sport helped me relieve all the pressure I had built inside.I do not sbelieve my parents have played a very big role in this area of the family function. However, they were there whenever I was in trouble with the school, with other parents, or the law. Because they were so busy working and trying to provide for the family, less time was spent with the kids. My younger siblings were able to come to me for emotional support and I helped them provide the care they need to feel. My parents were not very expressive in this family function due a completed socialization process and a great amount of time put into the economic cooperation.Family is a group of people who will always be there in your life, at least mine. The word family is different to very many groups of people. Some people do not consider their real parents to be a part of their family and some do. It all depends on how their life was lived, and most importantly, the relationships that were developed between the people they were living with. The family of functions are sub-categories of what a family is and I believe they are what fully describe what a family should be.

Do Not Count Your Chickens Before They Hatch

We think that all the eggs a hen lays will hatch and become chickens, we may be wrong. Some of the eggs may be rotten. Others may get broken or damaged.So we cannot be sure that an off will become a chick until it has hatched. Do not be too optimistic or hopeful about a favorable outcome. We may have o  wait forthe results. A flower  and a bud are different things although it is the bud that blossoms into the  beautiful flower. But until that happens, we cannot say for sure that the bud will become  a flower. A naughty boy may pluck it off. Some bird might peck and damage the bud or a strong wind might blow and spoil it. So it is always wise not to lay too much hope on anything that we do until it becomes what we hope.It is good to be optimistic. But too much hoping many bring dejection. The  proverb  suggests that it is unwise today excess hopes on anything thatOne can plan one’s life as carefully as possible to get the maximum results out of his efforts. One can dream of bigger and better things too, for, to excel is a basic human urge. However, to be overambitious or to plan beyond what reality permits may be foolhardy and counterproductive. A chicken owner may place 20 eggs for incubation, but only less than half may hatch into chicks, other eggs going rotten.If the former had expected all the eggs to hatch into chicks, he was in for disappointment. Real situations hardly match expectations. If men are aware of this reality of life, it will be good for their mental health. Genuine efforts are expected to yield reasonable results, but that may not match what one desired. Remember, one can be sure of an event only after it had happened, not before. Desires or imaginary things are not realities. So do not count your chickens even before they are hatched. we do in our day to day life.

Ann Hopkins Essay - 1665 Words

Legal Analysis Model The relevant facts nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;According to the case, Ann Hopkins had worked successfully for Price Waterhouse since 1978 and was â€Å"nominated for partnership at Price Waterhouse in 1982.† (p. 1) Out of 88 candidates she was the only woman. In the admissions process, forms were sent out to all Price Waterhouse partners of whom there were 662. These partners then submitted their comments about the candidates. . Only â€Å"thirty-two partners, all male, responded about Hopkins.† (p. 5) The forms were then tabulated to achieve a statistical rating in order to determine if the candidate should be admitted to the partnership. Of the 88 candidates â€Å"Price Waterhouse offered partnerships to 47 of them, rejected†¦show more content†¦The following section of the Civil Rights Act of 1991 as seen on the website â€Å"usinfo.state.gov† is relevant to this case: â€Å"SEC. 5. CLARIFYING PROHIBITION AGAINST IMPERMISSIBLE CONSIDERATION OF RECE, COLOR, RELIGION, SEX OR NATIONAL ORIGIN IN EMPLOYMNET PRACTICES. (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 703 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 Ugt;Sgt;Cgt; 2000e-2) (as amended by section 4) is further amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection: â€Å"quot;(1) DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICE NEED NOT BE SOLE CONTRIBUTING FACTOR.— Except as otherwise provided in this title, an unlawful employment practice is established when the complaining party demonstrates that race, color, religion, sex, or national origin was a contributing factor for any employment practice, even though other factors also contributed to such practice. quot;. (b) ENFORCEMENT PROVISIONS.--Section 706(g) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 2000e-5(g)) is amended by inserting before the period in the last sentence the following: quot;or, in a case where a violation is established under section 703(1), if the respondent establishes that it would have taken the same action in the absence of any discrimination. InShow MoreRelatedThe Case Of Ann Hopkins1719 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The case of Ann Hopkins consists of evidence both for and against the claim made by Hopkins that she was treated with discrimination. The argument that Hopkins was subject to discrimination is based upon the evidence that the criticisms that led to Hopkins’ partnership denial were made on weak grounds, and that Hopkins was held to higher standards than the male candidates. Opposingly, the argument that Hopkins wasn’t subject to discrimination consists of two pillars: that Hopkins was not, on herRead MoreAnn Hopkins Case Study1609 Words   |  7 PagesAnn Hopkins: Harvard Business Case Analysis #1 Ann Hopkins: Harvard Business Case Analysis #1 Why was Ann Hopkins passed over for a partnership? Give examples of events that contributed to her being passed over. The Supreme Court ruled Ann Hopkins was passed over for Price Waterhouse partnership because she was not a feminine woman (Selman and de Llose, 1990) calling it sexual discrimination. The partners claimed she needed help with personal and leadership qualities required ofRead MoreCase Analysis : Ann Hopkins Essay1801 Words   |  8 PagesIn 1982, Ann Hopkins was a senior manager at Price Waterhouse, who was nominated for a partnership position in the firm. Based on partner wide voting, it was decided that Ann’s election to partner should be put on hold and eventually, she was told that she would likely never be promoted. (Badaracco,1) With the belief that she had no other options, Ann decided to sue Price Waterhouse. Hopkins believed that she wasn’t promoted because of gender discrimination and argued that the criticism about herRead MoreEssay o n Ann Hopkins Case Analysis637 Words   |  3 PagesAnn Hopkins Case Analysis 1. What ethical problems do you see with the Price Waterhouse partnership evaluation system? The Price Waterhouse partnership evaluation system has the ethical problems that the sex discrimination. The Price Waterhouse most concerned about the interpersonal skill, therefore, Hopkins had been given advices to change her direct style and personal appearance. For example, before Hipkins started working at Price Waterhouse, one partner told her that the firm prohibitedRead MoreAnn Hopkins/Price Waterhouse Sex Discrimation Case Analysis Essay1629 Words   |  7 PagesFacts: In 1978, Ann Hopkins began working for Price Waterhouse. Price Waterhouse policy prohibited hiring anyone who was married to a partner or had a close relationship with a partner in a national accounting firm. Hopkins husband was a partner at Touche Ross. Nevertheless, Price Waterhouse honored their offer and hired Hopkins anyway. Ann Hopkins was a senior manager at Price Waterhouse in the firms Office of Government Services (OGS) in 1982 when she was nominated for partnership. OGSRead MoreEdmund Booth: Deaf Pioneer Essay1064 Words   |  5 Pagesthere, he had a meeting which changed his life. Flavel Goldthwaite, a neighbor, came for a visit and told Booth about the Hartford Asylum for deaf students. Booth was admitted the following year and studied under Laurent Clerc, Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, and Lewis Weld. He was at the school for 11 years, becoming a teacher after completing his course of study. At one point (1834) Booth and two other teachers went to South Carolina and Georgia. At each place, they gave exhibitionsRead MoreEthics and Discrimination1119 Words   |  5 Pagescorporate world. Ann Hopkins had been with Price Waterhouse s Office of Government Services in Washington, D.C., for five years when the partners in her office proposed her as a candidate for partnership in 1982. Of the 662 partners at the firm during that time, only 7 were women. Of the 88 people proposed for partnership that year, only 1 -- Hopkins -- was a woman. Forty-seven candidates were offered partnership, 21 rejected, and 20 -- including Hopkins -- were held for reconsiderationRead MoreAgency Rules For Lgbt Workplace Discrimination Essay1490 Words   |  6 Pages(2015). U.S. Agency Rules for Gays in Workplace Discrimination. The New York Times. Ann Hopkins, a senior manager in the Office of Government Services, was nominated to be a partner in the accounting firm, Price Waterhouse. Her job performance was evaluated through a booklet that consisted of a headshot, peers’ performance evaluations, counseling session reports, statistical analyses and more. Several of Hopkins’ assessments agreed on her competency, hard-working attitude, and outstanding performance;Read MoreHopkins V. Price Waterhouse929 Words   |  4 PagesHopkins v. Price-Waterhouse is a very detailed case, that features many aspects of the patriarchy, and lingering ways of thinking about gender that are hopefully being phased out of modern society. The Supreme Court chose not to make a ruling, which was the right decision in a legal sense, though there was more proof that Hopkins was discriminated against. Ann Hopkins was such a success in Price-Waterhouse; she was hired specifically by the United States State Department to handle a massive contractRead Morecrucible bickering diagram786 Words   |  4 Pagesagainst Abigail until Abigail charges her with witchery. She is a pliable girl whose actions are easily determined by others. Tituba Parris slave from Barbados, Tituba was with the girls when they danced and attempted to conjure the spirits of Ann Putnam s dead children. She is the first person accused of witchcraft and likewise the first person to accuse others of witchery - particularly when she discovers that the easiest way to spare herself is to admit to the charges no matter their truth

Etihad Airways Competitors, Product Value Proposition, Market Percept Research Paper

Essays on Etihad Airways' Competitors, Product Value Proposition, Market Perception of Etihad, Position of Etihad in Asian Market Research Paper The paper â€Å"Etihad Airways' Competitors, Product Value Proposition, Market Perception of Etihad, Position of Etihad in Asian Market" is a  brilliant version of a research paper on marketing. Etihad Airways is the national airline of Abu Dhabi began its operations in 2003 and has been declared the fastest growing airline in Asia. The company’s positioning as a provider of personalized and luxurious travel services has made the company a global leader in the first-class travel service. With this leverage, the company growth strategy is well-founded and as it expands its market (Bomber, Gittell Kochan 2009). The company’s endeavor to be the market leader in Asia can still be enhanced on the same platform of offering personalized and luxurious travel services.Etihad Airways competitorsEtihad Airlines has most of its competitors based in the Middle East and Asia. The airline competition is usually based on the flight routes and the major competitors of Etihad airways in the Asian routes are as follows; EmiratesQatar airwaysOman airGulf airSaudi airlineSingapore airlinesCathay Pacific AirlinesAccording to Skytrax world airline awards, Qatar airways and emirates are the major competitors of Etihad airways. Etihad airways were declared the global best airline in the first-class seat and catering arrangements.Product value propositionEtihad Airways have been associated with the personalized and luxurious first-class product- Diamond first-class globally, this made the company a global leader in this product category as per the 2010 Skytrax awards. The company has positioned its first-class product as associated with style, space, luxury, and ambiance. With a customer-driven approach, Etihad Airline's diamond class has been designed for greater customer experience to the affluent members of the society and world entrepreneurs. The product package entails a wide range of services starting with luxury to business conferencing facilities. Etihad airline's diamond lounge has uniquely design ed services that have surpassed most of the global airline industry players. The following are the services package in the diamond first-class lounge.Spa treatmentA la carte fine diningChampagne barLighting optionsBusiness room facilitiesResting and refreshing facilitiesGreat experience family roomCigar loungeBusiness-class product for Etihad airways-pearl business product also performs exceptionally well having been rated by Skytrax as in the third position globally and its Asian competitor Qatar airways leading in the category. The product positioning is that of comfort and convenience for business professionals on travel. Just like the diamond class lounge, the pearl class lounge product also upholds a greater customer experience and luxury services in its greatly designed interiors. In the pearl class package is a range of services listed as follows;Spa treatmentFive-star diningBusiness room facilitiesResting and refreshing facilitiesGreat experience family roomEntertainment fac ilitiesFrom the service analysis, Etihad airways have been able to compete efficiently with other global competitors by enabling personalized and luxurious in-flight experience to their customers in their products. This has been detrimental at the same time to other customers who are conservative and wouldn’t buy the luxury proposition offered by the airline.Comparison with the competitorsAirline industry competition currently has grown with many players in the industry focusing on the customer experience as their leverage. Etihad Airways is one of the industry players that has focused more on the aspect by providing state-of-the-art services to their customers making the company ranked as the world-leading airline by the World travel awards for two consecutive years; 2009 and 2010.

Essay Langston Hughes - 932 Words

Langston Hughes Throughout many of Langston Hughes poetry, there seems to be a very strong theme of racism. Poems such as Ballad of the Landlord, I, Too, and Dinner Guest: Me are some good examples of that theme. The Ballad of the Landlord addresses the issue of prejudice in the sense of race as well as class. The lines My roof has sprung a leak. / Dont you member I told you about it/ Way last week? (Hughes 2/4) show the reader that the speaker, the tenant, is of a much lower class than his landlord. It also shows that the landlord could care less of what condition his building is in as long as the money is still coming in. Well, thats Ten Bucks moren Ill pay you / Till you fix this house up new. (Hughes 11/12) shows†¦show more content†¦By the 1960s it had incited a political revolt and promoted civil unrest as a literary class assignment in a Boston high school. It was reported later that the Boston high school teacher that gave the assignment was fired for doing so. In Langston Hughes I, Too, written in 1925, the speaker in the poem is a young black male. Through out this entire poem the speaker expresses great hope about his peoples future. He seems to think that very soon, durin g his time, there would have been a drastic change in the way that his people were treated. Tomorrow, / Ill be at the table (Hughes 8/9), shows his confidence that his people would be treated as equals in a very short time period. In the last line of the poem I, too, am America. (Hughes 18) we can almost see the speakers face beaming with pride. Another one of Langston Hughes poems, Dinner Guest: Me, written in 1965, is almost a continuation of I, Too. The speaker in Dinner Guest: Me seems to be the same one, except this time that pride that we saw in his face is gone. Now instead of being confident about Tomorrows change, he sees that it is, and will take much longer than he had originallyShow MoreRelatedLangston Hughes Biography1058 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"James Mercer Langston Hughes, known as Langston Hughes was born February 2, 1902 in Missouri, to Carrie Hughes and James Hughes.† Years later his parents separated. Langston’s father moved to Mexico and became very successful, as his for mother, she moved frequently to find better jobs. As a child growing up Langston spent most of his childhood living with his grandmother named Mary Langston in Lawrence, Kansas. Mary Langston was a learned women and a participant in the civil rights Movement. WhenRead More Langston Hughes Essay1356 Words   |  6 Pagesstands out as one of the most prominent figures of the Harlem Renaissance. Langston Hughes defined himself by his ability to pursue the true essence of â€Å"black folk† at a time when black identity, culture, or art was considered an oxymoronic concept. Hughes sought to explore the true identity of Black America even amidst criticism that his work was anti-assimilationist in its literary expression. Wallace Thurman, one of Hughes’ closest friends had this to say about the poet’s subject matter: â€Å"He wentRead More`` Dreams `` By Langston Hughes Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pagesimpacted the movement against racial inequality, Langston Hughes turned the pages with inspiring work. Whereas in Langston Hughes poem Dreams encourages people to achieve ones goals and goals for a community of people no matter what the obstacles are; Hughes illustrated this through using a lyrical style of writing and metaphors. Due to the lack of acknowledgment of African Americans cultural, social and artistic capabilities, Langston Hughes stood as the hero image for blacks everywhere. LikewiseRead MoreThe Langston Hughes570 Words   |  2 PagesLangston Hughes’ style of poetry renounced the classical style of poetry and sought out a more jazz and folk rhythm style. Most of Hughes’ poems were written during the Harlem Renaissance, named after the cultural activity African Americans participated in, such as: literature, music, art, theatre, and political thinking. William Blake, on the other hand, was a nonconformist who was associated with the leading radical thinkers of his day. Although, considered a lyric poet and a visionary, Blake’sRead MoreLangston Hughes Essay1084 Words   |  5 PagesLangston Hughes was a large influence on the African-American population of America. Some of the ways he did this was how his poetry influenced Martin Luther King Jr. and the Harlem Renaissance . These caused the civil rights movement that resulted in African-Americans getting the rights that they deserved in the United States. Hughes was born in 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. His parents divorced when he was young and his grandmother raised him. She got him into literature and education; she was one ofRead MoreA Brief Look at Langston Hughes1413 Words   |  6 PagesLangston Hughes Langston Hughes’ challenging background, ethnicity, and era of life can all be thought of reasons as to why his style of writing relates among discrimination and unsettling topics. Although his writing can be said to bring hope to the African Americans, his style can be frightening and daunting when taken the time to read his pieces. They may not seem real, but they are his way of interpreting and informing the future of what African Americans, like himself, had to go throughRead More Langston Hughes Essay670 Words   |  3 Pages James Langston Hughes was born February 1, 1902, in Joplin, Missouri. His parents divorced when he was very small, and his father (who found American racism made his desires to be a lawyer impossible) left the family and emigrated to Mexico. Hughes mother moved with her child to Lawrence, Kansas, so she and he could live with his grandmother, Mary Langston. Langston Hughes mother moved to Topeka in 1907, leaving the five-year-old with his grandmother. Langston came from a family of African-AmericanRead MoreEssay on James Langston Hughes891 Words   |  4 Pages (February 1, 1902 - May 22, 1967) Born in Joplin, Missouri, James Langston Hughes was born into an abolitionist family. He was the grandson of grandson of Charles Henry Langston, the brother of John Mercer Langston, who was the the first Black American to be elected to public office in 1855. Hughes attended Central High School in Cleveland, Ohio, but began writing poetry in the eighth grade, and was selected as Class Poet. His father didnt think he would be able to make a living as at writingRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance By Langston Hughes1033 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom 1920 to around 1935. Even though this period was short, it still lives on though all African American artists today. According to Biography.com in the article about Langston Hughes, there were many artist, musicians, and writers such as Langston Hughes, who was a huge part of the Harlem Renaissance period. Langston Hughes was a well-known poet and play writer. In the magazine called â€Å"The Crisis† his poem â€Å"Negros Speak of River† was published in 1921 and brought him attention in all the blackRead MoreBiography of Langston Hughes Essay1046 Words   |  5 Pages The well known poet Langston Hughes was an inspiring character during the Harlem Renaissance to provide a push for the black communities to fight for the rights they deserved. Hughes wrote his poetry to deliver important messages and provide support to the movements. When he was at a young age a teacher introduced him to poets Carl Sandburg and Walt Whitman, and they inspired him to start his own. Being a â€Å"darker brother,† as he called blacks, he experienced and wanted his rights, and that

Heat Exchanger free essay sample

At the end of these lectures, you should be able to: †¢ recognise numerous types of heat exchangers, and classify them, †¢ develop an awareness of fouling on surfaces, and determine the overall heat transfer coefficient for a heat exchanger, †¢ perform a general energy analysis on heat exchangers, †¢ obtain a relation for the logarithmic mean temperature difference for use in the LMTD method, and apply it for different types of heat exchangers using the correction factor, †¢ analyse heat exchangers when outlet temperatures are not known using the effectiveness-NTU method, and †¢ know the primary considerations in the selection of heat exchangers. Introduction to Heat Exchangers ? A heat exchanger is a device which facilitates the transfer of heat between two fluids one hotter and the other colder. Examples: Car radiator, refrigerator, air-conditioner. ? Two methods for design and rating of heat exchangers: – Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) – Effectiveness Number of Transfer Units (? – NTU) 3 Scope ? Heat exchanger types ? Overall heat transfer coefficient ? Heat exchanger analysis ? Logarithmic mean temperature difference method ? Effectiveness-NTU method Read Chapter 11 of prescribed text, Cengel, Y. We will write a custom essay sample on Heat Exchanger or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A. and Ghajar, A. J. Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications, 4th Edition (SI Units), McGraw-Hill, 2011. 4 Main Types of Heat Exchangers Double-pipe heat exchanger Cross-flow heat exchanger Shell-and-tube heat exchanger 5 Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger †¢ Also known as Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger †¢ Simplest design. One fluid passes through a pipe and the second fluid flows in the annulus surrounding the pipe. Parallel flow Counter flow 6 Double Pipe Hair-pin Heat Exchanger with Cross Section View and Return Bend (courtesy of Brown Fintube) 7 Made by displacing the fins sideways at regular intervals to produce a zig-zag effect. 14 Finned Tubes 15 Cross-Flow Heat Exchanger Source: Incropera et al. , 2007. 16 Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger (one-shell pass and one-tube pass) 17 Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers Multipass flow arrangements One-shell pass and two-tube passes Two-shell passes and four-tube passes 18 Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger as a Shell-Side Condenser.

The changing role of technology in higher education

Introduction The current technological advancement is more rapid than it has ever been in the world history. Instigating from the industrial revolution to the twentieth century, advancements in technology have been evolutionary. In fact, experts have been asserting that the world is moving from the industrial age of the twentieth century to the information age which plays a greater role in shaping the future.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The changing role of technology in higher education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Technological advancements have led to important changes that are experienced in almost every aspect of life and academia is not an exception. In education, particularly in higher learning institutions, advancements in technology have played vital roles and they have been applied in both learning and research. However, education especially at higher levels is deemed critical for techn ological innovation and advancements. This paper looks at the evolutions of technological application particularly how they have been applied in higher learning institutions. The paper also traces the roles of technology in higher learning institutions from the historical perspective. Evolution of technology in education The application of technology can be traced back to the early stages in human developments when man began to use tools to perform activities such as painting the walls of the caves (Buchanan, 1991). However, the history of technological usage in modern education began with the application of educational films in learning during the 1900s and the Presseys mechanical-teaching machines during the 1920s (Pannabecker, 1995). During these periods, technology was largely used in teaching. The educational films and the mechanical teaching machines were mainly used as teaching aides especially in higher education institutions though they were later incorporated in all levels of the educational curriculum. Instructive films were used in tutorial rooms as substitutes to other training techniques. In fact, a majority of the films used for educational purposes were in series for instance, episodic films demonstrating scientific experiments and principles. Every episode represented a particular principle or experiment. The films were used by students and tutors even at home and could be compared to the modern day use of computers.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conversely, the Presseys mechanical-teaching machines which looked like the modern computer key boards or typewriters revolutionized the print technology in education. These teaching machines led to the development of e-learning as well as distance learning. The Presseys machines were developed so as to provide students with drills and practice items. Basically, the technique that was used to understand the drill and information materials was simple and definite so as to allow routine teachings and learning through mechanical means (Pannabecker, 1995). For instance, the machine looked like the modern typewriter with a window displaying a question with at least four answers. Users have the opportunity to presses a key that they believe corresponds to the right answer. The machine then records the answer at the back counter and reveals the next question. After completing, the test sheet is slipped back into the devise by the person recording the test and the score appears on the counter. This type of functionality has been used in several educational online systems such as the Questionmark Perceptions where the testing and assessments of students are done perfectly in an automated manner. The Questionmark Perception management and assessment system permits trainers and educators to schedule, author, report on surveys, deliver, test quizzes and examine. The system simplifi es the assessment process and improves the quality of tests and questions. It also finds its applications in e-learning and distance education. Large-scale application of new technology began in the 1940s prior to the Second World War when military institutions used films and other mediated materials to train soldiers. Such technological advancements during this period later evolved into presentation based technology such as the power point presentation which is used in computer aided instruction. The whole idea was based on the fact that people can learn through aural and visual receptions (Pannabecker, 1995). The technologies that used the idea existed in many forms including the streaming videos and audios in addition to the power point presentations loaded with voice-over. Higher learning institutions incorporated these technological advancements in learning and teaching processes.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The changing role of technology in higher education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The most fascinating technological innovation during this time was the use of hypertexts. These were scripts that were exhibited on automated devises such as supercomputers with locus or hyperlinks that guided the students to other documents that could directly be retrieved via the key-press series. Besides the written text, hypertext may be in form of tables, charts and graphs images as well as other presentation devices. The technology has been used in defining the structure of World Wide Web (WWW). It has a lithe and an easy to use set-up that helps in distributing the essential info through the internet. Nevertheless, this technology required machines such as the V. Bush memex. Though complex, the use of hypertext led to further innovations in the presentation based technologies. The whole idea made the process of learning and teaching or the issuance of instructions to be simple (Buchanan, 1991). Certainly, technological innovation during this time eased teaching and the process of giving instructions in higher learning institutions. This technological invention led to other inventions in the use of computer based learning and teaching process (Buchanan, 1991). The 1950s innovations led to the realization of more advanced technologies that were more focused on the learning processes. The designs such as the Skinners Program-Instructions and Instructional Techniques by Bloom were being applied by higher learning institutions (Pannabecker, 1991). These instructional techniques integrated the hypertext with the mechanical teaching techniques to aid in the learning processes. Models that were based on these designs were known as the Computer-Based Training. In computer based training, courses were mainly delivered through the use of computers and WWW played a significant role in the whole process. Institutions of higher learning began to use the new innovations during that time especially in the highest levels where scores of researches were carried out (Blackhurst, 2005). Such early innovations brought about Computer-Based Training methods which are still being applied in higher institutions though they have evolved into more sophisticated models. The Computer-Based models concentrated more on the instructions or teaching.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While the Skinny design on Program-Instruction focused on the behavioral objective formulation and divided the contents of the commands into smaller units, the Blooms Instructional Technique diversify the command and time depending on the learners needs (Pannabecker, 1991). Computer based training designs focused on learning, teaching and researches carried out by institutions of higher learning. The development of the Computer-Based Training models led to the development of the Computer-Aided Instructions that were sometimes called the Computer-Assisted Instructions during the 1970s through to the 1990s. These models resembled the current e-content which is the core of today’s e-learning (Yadgir, 2011). The models have evolved into what is currently known as the Web-based training or the e-instruction. Often, web-based training is what is being applied by the higher learning institutions and it aids in distance learning. With the models, the designer of courses breaks learni ng contents into minor portions and these texts portions are then improved via visual aid and hypermedia appearance (Becker Ravitz, 1999) The mid 80s till mid 90s saw the dramatic advancement on the digitized networking and communication in education. The digitized networking and communication in education was popularized by the increased use of World-Wide Web, through emails and other forms of networking including forums (Blackhurst, 2005). The WWW brought about a different form of online learning. It increased the use of the traditional online learning either based on the Computer-Based Learning or Computer-Based Training. Both cases involved the interactions between the Computers-Based programs and students. In some cases, the students were involved in computer drills together with tutorials and simulations. Both could easily be delivered through the World-Wide Web which transpires even today (Yadgir, 2011). Finally, the emergence of ubiquitous technologies and multiple mobile i n the 2000s provided new propulsion to the positioned learning concepts often in favor of learning-in-context scenarios (Yadgir, 2011). The assimilated learning conception has similarly been drawn on by some literature to designate the melded learning setups by slotting in learning courses in colleges, workrooms and in realistic locales. Conclusion Essentially, there has been tremendous growth in technological advancements which materialized at a time when the higher learning institutions needed them most. In comparison to earlier periods, technology has significantly evolved beyond doubts. While the pen and notebook formed the prior generation class tool kit, today the students go to classes armed with laptops, iPad, iPods and smartphones. References Becker, H. J., Ravitz, J. L. (1999). The influence of computer and Internet use of teachers’ pedagogical practices and perceptions. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 31(4), 356-384. Blackhurst, A. E. (2005). Perspe ctives on applications of technology in the field of learning disabilities. Learning Disability Quarterly, 28(2), 175-178. Buchanan, R. A. (1991). Theory and narrative in the history of technology. Technology and Culture, 32, 365-376. Pannabecker, J. R. (1991). Technological impacts and determinism in technology education: Alternate metaphors from social constructivism. Journal of Technology Education, 3(1), 43-54. Pannabecker, J. R. (1995). For a history of technology education: Contexts, systems, and narratives. Journal of Technology Education, 7(1), 43-56. Yadgir, S. A. (2011). Leading in a technological age. Educational Research and Reviews, 6(10), 664-670. This research paper on The changing role of technology in higher education was written and submitted by user Lilia Ramos to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.